Samuel was trained by the priest Eli, to be a priest.
1 Samuel 13:12 Therefore said I, The Philistines will come down now upon me to Gilgal, and I have not made supplication unto the LORD: I forced myself therefore, and offered a burnt offering.
13 And Samuel said to Saul, Thou hast done foolishly: thou hast not kept the commandment of the LORD thy God, which he commanded thee: for now would the LORD have established thy kingdom upon Israel for ever.
Samuel was to make the offering as a priest, not Saul who was only a king. We know what happened to king Uzziah when he tried to mingle king and priest duties. There is only One who is King, Prophet, and Priest, Lord Jesus Christ and OT theophany Melchizedek.
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